One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Due to the social nature of man, urban spaces such as squares are considered to be the most important manifestations of social nodes in urban life. While these squares take historical forms, they have such special place and time significance that cognitive documentation of this phenomenon as a major pillar of urban spaces can be used to qualitatively identify squares and public realms that are the foundation of social interaction. In order to have the knowledge of their morphological evaluation to express design principles, consulting with urban design experts is a must. The traditional evaluation of the urban square, due to its specific qualitative dimensions, was considered as a qualitative judgment which often had a high error rate in the survey, so the majority of the studies, generally, are qualitative and based on pure analysis. The purpose of the current research is the phenomenological recognition and qualitative analysis of urban space. Using a combination of several methods, first, the field element in the quality recognition matrix and the six Wolfrum criteria as well as sixteen urban squares were selected from the European cities, In the first stAGE, by means of Human Subjective Evaluation and Normalized AccumulatedQuality Graph Output, the numerical value was accumulated and then analyzed using the Automatic Geography Evaluation method. Finally, examining the correlation of these two methods led to the qualitative measurement of these urban elements. First, the selected ones were evaluated through HSE method analysis and NAQ extraction primary evaluation about human approach oriented was done. Second, using the AGE method in the analysis, the researchers evaluated the next step of that up to geometrical automotive and correlation between them. The results of the present study showed that this urban element had many dimensions to be quantitatively extracted. Last, all of the models for evaluation of square qualities in this study are considered the primary step to help the researchers have a functional standard draft while designing.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of messAGE delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability DISTRIBUTION functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on DISTRIBUTIONs. A lot of works apply the DISTRIBUTION of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the DISTRIBUTION of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data DISTRIBUTION and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the averAGE latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and averAGE latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

Background: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The incidence of the different histological types of cancer varies greatly between different populations and it is attributed to occupational, social. cultural, racial, (possibly hereditary), and geographic influences. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of AGE DISTRIBUTION and the frequency of different cancers, registered in different diagnostic centers in Babol during the year 2001.Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, characteristics of all registered malignancies were obtained from special records in different diagnostic centers in Babol using the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Among 632 cases, 57.9% were males and 42.1% were females. 53.3% of malignancies occurred after 60 years old and 46.7% before 60 years. The mean AGE at diagnosis was significantly higher among males (59 years) than females (51 years), (p<0.001). The 10 most common malignancies among males were: stomach (24.9%), skin (10.7%), esophagus (10.1%), urinary bladder (8.2%), prostate (6.6%), colon and rectum (6.6%), hematopoietic system (4.9%), lymphatic system (4.6%), testes (3.8%) and connective tissue (2.7%). Meanwhile, the 10 most common malignancies among females were: breast (21 .4%), stomach (12.4%), esophagus (12%), colon and rectum (9%), hematopoietic system (7.9%), skin (7.5%), lymphatic system (3.8%), cervix (3%), ovary (2.6%) and thyroid gland (1.5%).Conclusions: With increasing AGE, the frequency of different cancers increases and our results indicate that more than half of the cases are 60 years or above. Stomach cancer is the most common malignancy of this region and occurs most frequently during 7th and 8th decades of life. The most common malignancy among females is breast cancer and occurs most frequently during the 4th-6th decades of life.

In this paper, the population AGE DISTRIBUTION effect on private consumption is being analyzed empirically by the aid of Ando-Modigliani’s life cycle hypothesis. Annual time series data for the years 1338-1382 are used and co-integration techniques are adopted in the analysis.The results indicate that private consumption is strongly affected by changes in the population AGE DISTRIBUTION. Further, the Iranian economic data confirms the Ando-Modigliani’s life cycle hypothesis that the effective saving is done by the middle-AGEd population. The results also suggest that the bulk of saving is done by those who are in the range of 30 to 45 years of AGE.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stAGEs of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stAGEs of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 DISTRIBUTION transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stAGEs of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

Background & Aims: Cancer is a major public health problem in many countries of the world and the third leading cause of death in developing countries. The most frequently diagnosed cancers in females and males are breast and lung cancers respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of AGE DISTRIBUTION and the frequency of different cancers in East Azerbaijan province during the year 2009.Methods: This descriptive analytic study was performed by community based method on 5455 new cancer cases obtained from cancer registries in East Azerbaijan province in 2009. Characteristics of all registered cancers (including AGE, sex, and etc.) were collected in a form. Then data were summarized and coded using the International Classification of Disease (ICD). Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The 95% confidence interval of the study Variables were calculated using Excel software.Results: Among 5455 cases, 3189 ones (58.5%) were males and 2256 ones (41.4%) were females. Mean AGE of cancer incidence was 57.3±18.5 years. About 47.8% of malignancies occurred in AGEs over 60 years and 52.2% below 60 years. Among men, 57.8% of all cancers occurred in the AGE group of 60-70 years but in women 53.5% of them occurred in the AGE group of 50-60 years. Mean AGE at diagnosis was significantly higher (P<0.001) among males (60 years, 95%CI: 59.7-60.9) than females (53 years, 95% CI: 52.2-53.8). The 10 most common cancers among males and females were stomach (15.5%) and breast (20.9%) cancers respectively.Conclusion: More than half of all registerd cancers in the province were in the AGE group of above 60 years. Stomach and breast cancers are the most common malignancies of this region and occur most frequently during the 7th and 5th decades of life respectively. Comprehensive and complementary studies for recognizing relevant factors are among the priorities of health system research in this province.